What age-related change appears as a small, yellowish spot on the conjunctiva?

The correct answer is Pinguecula, which is characterized by a small, yellowish spot that forms on the conjunctiva, typically on the side closest to the nose. This change is commonly associated with aging and prolonged exposure to sunlight, wind, or dust, which can lead to irritation and the development of this benign growth.

Pinguecula is important to recognize because it may indicate environmental factors that contribute to eye health, but it usually does not affect vision. This small growth is made up of protein, fat, and calcium deposits, and while it can be mistaken for other conditions, its distinct yellowish appearance helps in identifying it accurately.

Understanding Pinguecula in the context of age-related changes can help individuals monitor their eye health over time and seek advice if they notice changes or discomfort. The other options generally refer to different conditions affecting the eyes. For instance, dermatochalasis pertains to excess skin around the eyes, arcus senilis is a gray or white arc around the cornea indicating lipid deposits, and pterygium is characterized by a growth on the cornea that can obstruct vision. Each of these conditions has its specific features and implications regarding eye health.